juxtaposition…a method frequently used by surrealist artist…because a photograph collapses three dimension into two, a photograph is always a juxtaposition of some sort.

The reason juxtaposition is conventionally regarded as a liability is because it occurs whether or not the photographer is aware of it. For example, when a photographer fails to notice the back ground when taking a portrait, the subject may end up looking as though there is a tree coming out of its head. Conscious application of the technique of juxtaposition, however, requires constant awareness of the interaction between background, foreground, and middle ground and a conscious decision to use such collapsing effects to either impart new meaning to a scene or to accentuate its original meaning.*

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source:

Tao of Photography

P.L. Gross & S.I. Shapiro